Pre-service training is the structured preparation that future teachers receive before entering the classroom. It combines subject mastery, pedagogical theory, classroom management techniques, and supervised practice so that new educators build a professional identity and the practical skills needed to design lessons, assess learners, and lead inclusive, supportive learning environments.

In-service training supports teachers already in the system through targeted professional development: workshops, coaching, curriculum updates, and technology integration. These programs help practicing teachers reflect on their methods, adopt evidence-based techniques, and respond to evolving student needs — ensuring their practice stays current and effective.

Together, pre-service and in-service training create a continuous learning pathway for educators: pre-service establishes competence and confidence, while in-service fosters adaptability and lifelong improvement. When both are strong and aligned, school systems are better equipped to improve instruction, equity, and student outcomes.